Filling in the Blanks (Romans 6:5)

In Romans 6, Paul has been talking about the role of ongoing sin in the believer’s life. In verse 5 he says, “For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we will certainly also be united with him in the likeness of his resurrection.” If you check the Greek, you will see that there are no specific words behind the italicized words above. σύμφυτοι and τῷ ὁμοιώματι are being assumed from the first half of the sentence. In the graphic above, I reversed the order of the second verb ἐσόμεθα and τῆς ἀναστάσεως so you can see the parallel between the γεγόναμεν and ἐσόμεθα.

The NASB and KJV put “him” and “in the likeness” in italics and do not repeat “united with” in the second half of the sentence. The NET reads “united in the likeness” in the second half and has a footnote: “tn Grk ‘we will certainly also of his resurrection.’” The ESV and NRSV supply “united with him ... like his” without explanation.

The CSB is unusually awkward here. “For if we have been united with him in the likeness of his death, we will certainly also be in the likeness of his resurrection.” As I often say, this is not translation because it is not English. “Be” what? It also miscommunicates. Paul is not saying that we will “be in the likeness” but that we will “be united with him.” Their footnote on “be” accurately says, “Be joined with him.”

In the same vein, the Greek behind “united with him” only says “united with.” σύμφυτοι is a compound with σύν (ν becomes μ because of the following labial φ) meaning “united with.” “United with” whom”? “Him” is assumed from context, with “Christ.” This is a common problem with compounds made with σύν, and translations almost always allow context to fill in the blanks. But “blanks” they are. At least the NASB italicizes “him.”

Not to beat a drum, but this once again shows that all translations are not strictly “literal” nor are they always transparent to the Greek. I’m not sure what the benefit is of saying a translation is even “essentially literal” when the non-Greek reader can’t tell when they are word for word and when they add in explanatory words.

But this is one reason why you are learning Greek, to see what the truly literal Bible says, the Greek Bible.